Similarities and Differences among Species Closely Related to Candida albicans: C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, and C. auris

Although Candida species are widespread commensals of the microflora healthy individuals, they also among most important human fungal pathogens that under certain conditions can cause diseases (candidiases) varying severity ranging from mild superficial infections mucous membranes to life-threatening systemic infections. So far, vast majority research aimed at understanding molecular basis pathogenesis has been focused on common species—Candida albicans. Meanwhile, other closely related belonging CTG clade, namely, tropicalis and dubliniensis, becoming more in clinical practice, as well a relatively newly identified species, auris. Despite close relationship these microorganisms, it seems course evolution, have developed distinct biochemical, metabolic, physiological adaptations, which use fit commensal niches achieve full virulence. Therefore, this review, we describe current knowledge C. tropicalis, auris virulence factors, formation mixed biofilm mutual communication, environmental stress response changes cell metabolism, effect host defense susceptibility antifungal agents used, highlighting differences with respect Special attention is paid diagnostic problems resulting similarities between emergence drug resistance mechanisms. Understanding different strategies virulence, used by opportunistic genus Candida, essential for proper diagnosis treatment.